好消息：印度女性就業(yè)率現(xiàn)已升至 41.7%，印度網(wǎng)民難得理性討論，質(zhì)疑數(shù)據(jù)

No-Access-9453
Indian Man
Ive actually posted about this before and did some research. And from what I can tell, india is still currently at a stage where one solid income is enough to run a household in the urban areas. This leads to there being less of a push for women to work and support the household. Where as for rural women, they basically have a "all hands on deck" approach where they need everyone to contribute to sustain themselves.
Overtime as the country continues developing india will reach a stage where 2 incomes are needed to sustain a household in the urban population as well.
Another thing is the rise in the participation rate in the rural areas is in the "self employed" and "informal" sector. Basically like working in the family business or farms or stuff like that. The quickest way to get jobs in the formal sector would be to bring massive amounts of manufacturing but that's easier said than done. You'd have to have a whole discussion involving both domestic politics and geopolitics

其實(shí)我之前就發(fā)過相關(guān)內(nèi)容，還做了一些研究。我了解到印度目前仍處于這樣一個(gè)階段：?在城市地區(qū)，一份穩(wěn)定的收入就足以維持一個(gè)家庭的生計(jì)。這導(dǎo)致社會(huì)對(duì)女性工作以分擔(dān)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任的推動(dòng)力較弱。
相比之下，?農(nóng)村女性則基本采取“全家出動(dòng)”的方式，她們需要每個(gè)人都做出貢獻(xiàn)，才能維持生存。
隨著國(guó)家的持續(xù)發(fā)展，印度最終也將進(jìn)入這樣一個(gè)階段：，在城市中，也需要兩份收入才能維持住一個(gè)家庭。
另外一點(diǎn)是，農(nóng)村地區(qū)女性勞動(dòng)力參與率的上升主要體現(xiàn)在?“自雇”和“非正規(guī)”領(lǐng)域?；旧暇褪窃诩易迤髽I(yè)、農(nóng)場(chǎng)或類似的地方工作。在正規(guī)部門創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的最快途徑是大力發(fā)展制造業(yè)，但這說起來容易做起來難。這需要深入探討，因?yàn)檫@涉及到國(guó)內(nèi)政治和地緣政治兩方面的因素。

Important_Menu4937 reply No-Access-9453
Indian Woman
True. India directly went from being an agrigarian society to service based one. Service sector doesn't generate as much employment required for a huge population like ours.

確實(shí)如此。印度直接從農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)躍升為了一個(gè)以服務(wù)業(yè)為主的社會(huì)。服務(wù)業(yè)無法創(chuàng)造出足夠的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)來滿足像我們這樣一個(gè)人口大國(guó)的需要。

Ortho_Tune6159 reply Important_Menu4937
Indian Man
Also, OP, Great Post. Honestly, this is what Reddit needs more of these days lol.

另外，樓主，帖子很棒！老實(shí)說，如今的Reddit就缺這種內(nèi)容哈哈。

Ortho_Tune6159 reply Important_Menu4937
Indian Man
I mean think a bit deeper, food stalls, vegtable stalls, anything of that sort attracts customers just like how business attracts customers too, if you were to compare simialry you can say America is an service economy too, we used to be a huge manufacture hub too but slowly jobs started to delepet and the focus in 08 was more geared towards the green new deal and environmental protection which is still a talking point, but the point being is the bottom of the food chain contributes to a significant portion of India growth without it India wouldn't be growing at 7-8% per year and to be the 4th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power shows the potential India has, but what really needs to happen is open the market let companies invest in indian talent and that will splurge India to become almost competitive to America and China.
Yes, Geo Politics plays a role too, but India does what is best for India, and that is a proud thing.

我覺得不妨深入思考一下：??
無論是街頭小吃攤、蔬菜攤，還是任何類似的小生意，它們吸引顧客的邏輯其實(shí)和企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)本質(zhì)相通。就像美國(guó)如今也是服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)——美國(guó)曾經(jīng)同樣是制造業(yè)大國(guó)，但就業(yè)崗位逐漸流失。而2008年后政策重心更多轉(zhuǎn)向綠色新政?和環(huán)境保護(hù)，這點(diǎn)時(shí)至今日仍是熱議話題。
但關(guān)鍵在于，這些底層經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)，恰恰是印度增長(zhǎng)的核心引擎。要是沒有這些底層經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，印度不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)每年7-8%的高速增長(zhǎng)，更不可能成為按購(gòu)買力平價(jià)（PPP）計(jì)算全球第四大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。這充分展現(xiàn)了印度的潛力。
而真正需要做的是，開放市場(chǎng)，讓企業(yè)投資印度本土人才。這將推動(dòng)印度發(fā)展到具備足以與中美競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的實(shí)力。
當(dāng)然，?地緣政治也有影響。但印度始終以自身國(guó)家利益為先，這是值得自豪的事。

Hydrated_Manicured
Indian Woman
Free to pursue is the key word for urban areas, while in Rural India it is a necessity. I have cousins who are more than happy in being settled as housewives, but every member in my maid’s family is working, because they can’t sustain if they don’t.

在城市，‘自由擇業(yè)’是關(guān)鍵詞；而在印度農(nóng)村，工作則是一種必需。??
我有幾個(gè)表姐妹，她們很滿足于當(dāng)家庭主婦的生活，但我的傭人一家卻是所有成員都在工作，因?yàn)槿绻贿@樣，他們將無法維持生計(jì)。

Important_Menu4937 reply Hydrated_Manicured
Indian Woman
This is true.

這是事實(shí)

indcel47
Indian Man
While a good sign as such, a change so rapid in a society so backward could also mean that the average household is really hard up right now.

雖然這本身是個(gè)積極信號(hào)，但在一個(gè)相對(duì)落后的社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)如此劇烈的增長(zhǎng)，很可能意味著普通家庭眼下已陷入生計(jì)難以為繼的困境。

Important_Menu4937 reply indcel47
Indian Woman
Agree.

同意

Distinct-Library5173
Indian Man
In 2021, dowry cases rose by 25% and crimes against women increased by 15.3%. In 2022, India ranked 135th out of 146 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index, placing 48th in political empowerment, 143rd in economic participation, and 146th in health and survival — the worst globally.
We have long way to go.

2021年，印度嫁妝相關(guān)的案件增長(zhǎng)25%，針對(duì)女性的犯罪率上升15.3%。2022年，印度在《全球性別差距報(bào)告》的146個(gè)國(guó)家中排名第135位，其中政治賦權(quán)位列第48名，經(jīng)濟(jì)參與領(lǐng)域跌至第143名（倒數(shù)第四），而健康生存指標(biāo)則排名第146名 — 全球最差。?
任重道遠(yuǎn)啊

Important_Menu4937 reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
A very long way to go indeed.

確實(shí)任重道遠(yuǎn)

ordinarycelebrity reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
Not to say that the reality isn't grim but the reason you probably see this rise in dowry cases and crimes against women is that women are now more empowered than before to be able to report such cases.

并不是否認(rèn)現(xiàn)實(shí)的殘酷，但嫁妝相關(guān)案件及針對(duì)女性犯罪數(shù)量上升的原因，很可能源于當(dāng)代女性比以往更有勇氣打破沉默，敢于報(bào)案維權(quán)。

Distinct-Library5173 reply ordinarycelebrity
Indian Man
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskIndia/comments/1m24zfc/445_lakh_cases_were_reported_in_2022_and_thats/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

樓主回復(fù)了紅迪網(wǎng)某個(gè)帖子網(wǎng)址

ordinarycelebrity  reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
That doesn't negate my point. I know that only a small minority of women are actually empowered enough to make that report. But that small minority of women who are empowered enough to make that decision has increased and not decreased. Meaning, there is a rise in reported cases because women are reporting them more than before not because they are happening more than they were earlier. The majority of the cases go unreported.Yes, I know that because I quite literally live it.

這并沒有否定我的觀點(diǎn)。我知道，實(shí)際上只有極少數(shù)女性擁有足夠的能力去報(bào)案。但關(guān)鍵是這些能夠挺身而出的女性群體規(guī)模在擴(kuò)大而非縮小。??報(bào)案數(shù)字攀升的主因是相較于過去報(bào)案意愿增強(qiáng)，而不是這類案件的發(fā)生率比以前更高了。事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)案件仍然沒有被上報(bào)。??是的，我對(duì)此再清楚不過，是因?yàn)槲仪猩眢w驗(yàn)著這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

Distinct-Library5173 reply ordinarycelebrity
Indian Man
Still only 2% is very concerning

僅2%的比例依然令人深感憂慮

ordinarycelebrity  reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
I know and I agree.

我知道，而且我同意。

Important_Menu4937 reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
Your comment deserves a seprate post.
If possible please do make a seprate post of this. This is an interesting data to discuss.

你的評(píng)論值得單獨(dú)發(fā)一個(gè)帖子。如果可以的話，請(qǐng)務(wù)必單獨(dú)發(fā)一個(gè)這樣的帖子。這些數(shù)據(jù)頗具探討價(jià)值。

Distinct-Library5173 reply Important_Menu4937
Indian Man
Very less number of people care about such data and this sub a kinda scary to post anything.

很少有人在意這類數(shù)據(jù)，而且在這個(gè)論壇板塊發(fā)帖總讓人有點(diǎn)不安。

Important_Menu4937 reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
Nah, this sub is the right place for this topic. I would still request to post it.

不，本版塊正是討論此議題的理想之地。我仍堅(jiān)持請(qǐng)求您發(fā)布該內(nèi)容。

Distinct-Library5173 reply Important_Menu4937
Indian Man
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_India
reference number 8/12

回復(fù)維基百科某個(gè)板塊，參考編號(hào)8/12

Important_Menu4937 reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
As a women it is hard to even read this.

作為一個(gè)女性，光是讀這些內(nèi)容都讓我倍感艱難

Distinct-Library5173 reply Important_Menu4937
Indian Man
Yea many women avoid such topics because of the same reason

確實(shí)，許多女性出于同樣的原因回避此類話題

Important_Menu4937 reply Distinct-Library5173
Indian Woman
This is a wrong conclusion to draw.

這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論

thandi420
Indian Man
Calculation of employment have been changed now disguised unemployment is also counted. These numbers may look good but they are just inflated numbers.
Many woman in rural areas left doing agriculture labour work cause they were going for education in 2017-18 but thanks to COVID 19 in 2020 the track of progress got derailed again and they are back to labour market.
These numbers look good on surface but reality is different

當(dāng)前就業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)方式已經(jīng)改變，隱性失業(yè)也被納入其中。數(shù)據(jù)表面光鮮，實(shí)則夸大數(shù)據(jù)。??
?2017-18年間許多農(nóng)村女性放棄了農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗齻円ソ邮芙逃５捎?2020 年新冠肺炎疫情的影響，這一進(jìn)步進(jìn)程再次受阻，她們被迫重返勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。??
?這些數(shù)字表面上光鮮亮麗，現(xiàn)實(shí)卻截然不同。

Important_Menu4937 reply thandi420
Indian Woman
Calculation of employment have been changed now disguised unemployment is also counted.
But why did they change it?

就業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)方式現(xiàn)已調(diào)整，隱性失業(yè)也被納入統(tǒng)計(jì)范圍。
但他們（政府/統(tǒng)計(jì)部門）為什么要做出這種改變呢？

thandi420 reply Important_Menu4937
Indian Man
Politics to show good stats and ask for votes --- ohhh the employment have increased such a good thing.... Our govt is doing good plss give us votes now.
Whenever woman employment have to increase it will first decrease cause they go for studies and after education most of them will try for formal jobs not informal ones. Chances of BA graduate girl going for agriculture labour work is less.
As you can see the data their is sharp rise in rural areas ....cause girls gave been pulled out from schools and now working as agricultural as labourers or working in their own farms in the form of disguised unemployment.
Even the labour participation of man is stagnet or declining

?政客們曬出漂亮數(shù)據(jù)當(dāng)然是為了選票…哦！就業(yè)率上升了，真是件好事啊....我們政府干得真棒，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)給我們投票吧。??
?每當(dāng)女性就業(yè)率需要提高時(shí)，它總會(huì)先下降，因?yàn)樗齻円プx書學(xué)習(xí)。而接受教育后，她們中的大多數(shù)人會(huì)尋求正規(guī)工作，而不是非正規(guī)工作。一個(gè)有學(xué)士學(xué)位的女孩去干農(nóng)業(yè)體力活的可能性較小。??
?正如你所見，農(nóng)村地區(qū)就業(yè)率急劇上升....原因是女孩們被迫輟學(xué)，現(xiàn)在要么是當(dāng)農(nóng)業(yè)勞工干活，要么是在自家農(nóng)場(chǎng)上干活——實(shí)際上這是假裝自己有活干的隱性失業(yè)。??
甚至連男性的勞動(dòng)參與率也停滯不前或在下降

Ortho_Tune6159
Indian Man
I wouldn’t say urban women in India aren’t educated or free to pursue careers—it’s more complex than that. With a population nearing 1.5 billion, there are layers of cultural, economic, and policy-driven factors at play.
Much of the recent rise in female labour force participation has been rural-driven, largely due to government subsidies and programs aimed at boosting rural employment. Over the past decade, under Modi’s government, there’s been a big push for “Make in India” to strengthen domestic manufacturing. While the initial motive was partially to reduce dependence on imports (especially from China), it’s created more jobs in rural areas where women are participating in agriculture, small-scale industries, and government schemes like MGNREGA.
Urban areas, however, are different. Many urban women are educated, but they also face challenges like:
Higher cost of childcare and domestic help, making it harder to balance work and family.
Gender bias in workplaces, with fewer flexible jobs or leadership opportunities.
Safety concerns, which discourage commuting to and from workplaces.
And ironically, as family incomes rise in urban areas, some women may withdraw from the workforce voluntarily due to social expectations.
You’re also right that India still needs to address bigger systemic issues—better laws to protect women’s safety, equal access to education, sanitation, and stronger infrastructure in both rural and urban areas. Otherwise, progress will be uneven.
I live in the US, and historically, America also confined women to housewife roles until WWII forced women into factories and sparked movements for women’s rights. The 90s and 2000s brought the sexual revolution, internet, and social media—all of which reshaped gender roles here too. But even in the US, there are trade-offs: rising divorce rates, challenges in family stability, and debates over gender equity in workplaces.
So it’s really about finding a balance—pushing for women’s empowerment while also creating fair, supportive systems for both genders. India’s 47% female LFPR in rural areas is good news, but to sustain this, urban participation needs similar attention.

我不會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地說印度的城市女性沒有受過教育或沒有追求工作的自由——實(shí)際情況要復(fù)雜得多。?? 在一個(gè)接近15億人口的國(guó)家里，存在著多重因素發(fā)揮著作用——文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策驅(qū)動(dòng)等
最近女性勞動(dòng)力參與率的提升在很大程度上是由農(nóng)村地區(qū)驅(qū)動(dòng)的，這主要得益于政府為促進(jìn)農(nóng)村就業(yè)而推出的補(bǔ)貼和相關(guān)計(jì)劃。?? 在莫迪政府執(zhí)政的十年間，大力推動(dòng)了“印度制造”計(jì)劃以加強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)制造業(yè)。雖然最初的動(dòng)機(jī)部分是減少對(duì)進(jìn)口（尤其是來自中國(guó)）的依賴，但它確實(shí)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了更多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，婦女參與到農(nóng)業(yè)、小型工業(yè)以及像《全國(guó)農(nóng)村就業(yè)保障法》這樣的政府項(xiàng)目中。
然而，城市地區(qū)的情況則不同。?? 許多城市女性受過教育，但她們也面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)：
更高的育兒和家政服務(wù)成本，這使得平衡工作和家庭更加困難。
職場(chǎng)中存在性別偏見，靈活崗位較少，晉升至領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的機(jī)會(huì)也更少
?安全方面的擔(dān)憂，這阻礙了上下班通勤。
?諷刺的是，隨著城市地區(qū)家庭收入的增加，一些女性可能會(huì)因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)期望而自愿退出勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。??
你說得對(duì)，印度確實(shí)仍需解決一些重大的系統(tǒng)性問題——需要完善法律來保護(hù)女性安全、確保平等的教育機(jī)會(huì)、改善衛(wèi)生設(shè)施以及加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。否則，發(fā)展將會(huì)是不均衡的。
我住在美國(guó)，回顧歷史，美國(guó)也曾將女性限制在家庭主婦的角色中，直到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)迫使女性進(jìn)入工廠工作，從而引發(fā)了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)。?? 上世紀(jì)90年代和21世紀(jì)初，性革命、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體的興起，也重新塑造了這里的性別角色。但即使在美國(guó)，也存在一些代價(jià)：離婚率上升、家庭穩(wěn)定性面臨挑戰(zhàn)、職場(chǎng)性別平等相關(guān)的爭(zhēng)論。
因此，關(guān)鍵在于找到平衡——在推動(dòng)女性賦權(quán)的同時(shí)，也要為兩性創(chuàng)造公平、支持性的體系。印度農(nóng)村地區(qū)47%的女性勞動(dòng)力參與率是個(gè)好消息，但要維持這種勢(shì)頭，城市地區(qū)的女性勞動(dòng)參與率同樣需要關(guān)注。

AgencyQuiet9559
Indian Man
Good progress. Now we need to get everyone decent enough jobs to fall under the tax bracket. That would hopefully help build thr nation faster. However, I don’t trust any politicians. They’d probably steal more.

?進(jìn)展不錯(cuò)?，F(xiàn)在我們還需要讓每個(gè)人都有足夠體面的工作，收入達(dá)到能納稅的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。希望這能幫助國(guó)家更快地發(fā)展起來。不過，我不信任任何政客。他們恐怕只會(huì)貪污得更多。?

ManipulativFox
Indian Man
Good but government needs to address wealth inequality else even 2 income are not able to afford flat in big cities and Automation is already eating high paying middle class jobs slowly

?進(jìn)展是好的，但政府需要解決貧富差距的問題，否則即便有兩份收入，在大城市也買不起房子。而且，自動(dòng)化已經(jīng)在蠶食高薪的中產(chǎn)階層的工作崗位了。?

RevealApart2208
Indian Woman
Wish it was above 50 percent for even urban population

真希望城市人口（的女性勞動(dòng)參與率）也能超過 50%

Worried-File3605
Indian Woman
This happens because in most working class households, simply one person to work just does not cut it.
There is still a huge income gap between the daily wages of women and men in rural india.
Whereas in Urban India, dominant castes being savarna who have had wealth for a while now simply do not 'allow'/ 'need' women to work.
Brahminical patriarchy harms all women.

?出現(xiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)椋诖蠖鄶?shù)工薪階層家庭里，僅僅靠一個(gè)人工作根本不夠維持生活。??
?然而在印度農(nóng)村地區(qū)，男女之間的日收入仍然差距巨大。??
?而在印度城市，那些占主導(dǎo)地位的薩瓦爾納人（印度高種姓群體），他們都是有錢的老財(cái)，因此“不允許”或“不需要”女性外出工作。??
?婆羅門的父權(quán)制對(duì)所有女性都造成了傷害。?

Outrageous-Tart3374
Non-Indian Man
Rural women in India have a higher proportion of the female workforce compared to urban women.
While the overall female labor force participation rate (FLPR) is lower in India than in many other countries, rural areas tend to have a higher percentage of women working, according to the Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability.
This is despite the fact that urban areas often offer more diverse and higher-paying job opportunities, particularly for educated women.
More detailed breakdown: Higher FLPR in Rural Areas: Data from the Directorate General of Employment (DGE) shows that a larger percentage of women in the 15-59 age group participate in the workforce in rural India compared to urban areas.
For example, in 2021-22, the FLPR in rural areas was around 39.3%, while in urban areas it was 26.5%.
Increased Participation: The FLPR in rural areas has also shown a significant increase over time, with a 12.7% point increase between 2017-18 and 2021-22, according to the DGE.
https://dge.gov.in/dge/sites/default/files/2023-05/Female_Labour_Utilization_in_India_April_2023_final__1_-pages-1-2-merged__1_.pdf#:~:text=Around%2039.3%25%20females%20of%20age%20group%2015%2D59,2021%2D22%20as%20compared%20to%2022.3%25%20in%202017%2D18.

印度農(nóng)村女性的勞動(dòng)力參與比例高于城市女性?
盡管印度整體女性勞動(dòng)力參與率低于許多國(guó)家，但預(yù)算與治理問責(zé)中心指出，農(nóng)村地區(qū)工作的女性比例普遍更高。
?這一現(xiàn)象的反常性?：盡管城市地區(qū)通常能提供更多元、更高薪的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，尤其對(duì)受過教育的女性而言，但農(nóng)村女性勞動(dòng)參與率仍顯著領(lǐng)先。
?以下詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)解析?
農(nóng)村地區(qū)女性勞動(dòng)參與率更高?：印度就業(yè)總局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示，15-59歲年齡段的女性勞動(dòng)力參與率在農(nóng)村地區(qū)明顯高于城市。舉個(gè)例子，2021-22年，農(nóng)村女性勞動(dòng)參與率約為39.3%?，而城市地區(qū)僅為26.5%??。
參與率增長(zhǎng)顯著?：就業(yè)總局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，農(nóng)村地區(qū)的女性勞動(dòng)參與率近年來也出現(xiàn)顯著增長(zhǎng)，2017-18至2021-22年間，農(nóng)村女性勞動(dòng)參與率增長(zhǎng)了12.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

animated_frogs
Indian Man
employment rates say absolutely ntg
cos entire india has employment problem
a women who is not educated/ not equipped to work is not considered as unemployed they are not considered in the workforce as they do not have access to education

?就業(yè)率數(shù)據(jù)根本說明不了任何問題。
因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)印度都面臨就業(yè)問題
那些沒受過教育、缺乏工作技能的女性不會(huì)被視為失業(yè)者，她們甚至不被納入勞動(dòng)力范疇，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。?