印度的根本問(wèn)題在于人 - 來(lái)說(shuō)服我
India’s Real Problems Are Its People—Change My Mind
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
印度人反思：我們總是喜歡責(zé)怪政客、體制，甚至是“西方影響”，但殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)是：印度最大的問(wèn)題是自己的人民。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，我說(shuō)過(guò)。如果這冒犯了你，也許是因?yàn)樗驗(yàn)樗林辛四愕耐袋c(diǎn)。準(zhǔn)備好接受一些令人不安的真相了嗎？
正文翻譯
1. We’re All Corrupt Hypocrites
We bribe traffic cops, pay under-the-table fees, and dodge taxes—but we cry about corruption in politics. You can’t complain about dirty hands when yours are covered in mud.
2. Fake Morality and Double Standards
We scream about “Indian values” but have the highest rates of domestic violence, rape, and dowry deaths. Our so-called culture is rotten with hypocrisy.
3. Education = Memorization, Not Intelligence
Our education system is a joke. Memorize, regurgitate, forget—repeat. No creativity, no critical thinking. We produce degrees, not minds.
4. Log Kya Kahenge: The Real Dream Killer
This toxic mentality is responsible for countless broken dreams and mental health issues. We care more about societal approval than happiness. What a sad way to live.
5. ‘Patriotism’ = Blind Nationalism
We mistake blind loyalty for patriotism. If someone criticizes the country, they’re “anti-national.” Loving your country means wanting it to improve, not worshipping it blindly.
6. Religion: Dividing More Than It Unites
Religion here isn’t about faith—it’s about identity, superiority, and moral policing. We kill in the name of gods we don’t even truly understand.
7. Casteism: The Stain We Pretend Doesn’t Exist
We claim to be modern but still judge people by their caste, even on dating apps. Newsflash: If you believe in caste, you’re part of the problem.
8. Victim Mentality and Excuse Culture
We love to complain but hate taking responsibility. Blame the government, the West, society, fate—everyone except ourselves.
9. No Civic Sense, No Shame
We spit, litter, and piss on roads without a second thought. We treat our public spaces like garbage bins. And then we cry about pollution and bad infrastructure.
10. Misogyny Is in Our DNA
We say we respect women but slut-shame, victim-blame, and obxtify them every chance we get. Your “Indian culture” isn’t as pure as you think.
"Yesterday I was smart and tried to change the world, Today I am wise so I try to change myself."
For clarification:I’m not saying every Indian is like this, but these issues are too widespread to ignore. If you love your country, prove it by being better.
It’s easy to point fingers, but change starts with us.
1. 我們都是虛偽的腐敗分子
我們賄賂交警，支付黑錢(qián)，逃稅漏稅——卻對(duì)政治腐敗大加指責(zé)。當(dāng)你的手也沾滿泥巴時(shí)，就別抱怨別人不干凈。
2. 虛偽的道德與雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
我們高喊“印度價(jià)值觀”，卻擁有最高的家庭暴力、強(qiáng)奸和嫁妝致死率。我們所謂的文化充滿了虛偽和偽善。
3. 教育 = 死記硬背，而非培養(yǎng)智慧
我們的教育系統(tǒng)就是個(gè)笑話。死記硬背、生搬硬套、然后遺忘——循環(huán)往復(fù)。沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造力，沒(méi)有批判性思維。我們生產(chǎn)的是文憑，而不是有思想的人。
4. “別人會(huì)怎么說(shuō)”（印地語(yǔ)，指過(guò)度擔(dān)心他人的看法或社會(huì)的評(píng)價(jià)，下同）：真正的夢(mèng)想殺手
這種有毒的心態(tài)毀掉了無(wú)數(shù)夢(mèng)想，也導(dǎo)致了無(wú)數(shù)心理健康問(wèn)題。我們更在意社會(huì)的認(rèn)可，而不是自己的幸福。多么可悲的生活方式。
5. “愛(ài)國(guó)主義” = 盲目的民族主義
我們把盲目的忠誠(chéng)誤認(rèn)為是愛(ài)國(guó)主義。如果有人批評(píng)這個(gè)國(guó)家，他們就會(huì)被貼上“反國(guó)家”的標(biāo)簽。愛(ài)你的國(guó)家意味著希望它變得更好，而不是盲目崇拜。
6. 宗教：分裂多于團(tuán)結(jié)
在這里，宗教與信仰無(wú)關(guān)——它關(guān)乎身份、優(yōu)越感和道德審判。我們以那些自己都不真正理解的神的名義去殺戮。
7. 種姓制度：我們假裝不存在的污點(diǎn)
我們自稱現(xiàn)代，卻仍然用種姓來(lái)評(píng)判他人，甚至在約會(huì)軟件上也是如此。提醒一下：如果你相信種姓制度，你就是問(wèn)題的一部分。
8.受害者心態(tài)和借口文化
我們喜歡抱怨，卻討厭承擔(dān)責(zé)任。責(zé)怪政府、西方、社會(huì)、命運(yùn)——責(zé)怪除了我們自己之外的所有人。
9. 沒(méi)有公民意識(shí)，沒(méi)有羞恥心
我們毫無(wú)顧忌地在路上吐痰、亂扔垃圾、隨地小便。我們把公共場(chǎng)所當(dāng)成垃圾桶。然后我們又抱怨污染和糟糕的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
10. 性別歧視刻在我們的DNA里
我們嘴上說(shuō)尊重女性，卻一有機(jī)會(huì)就羞辱她們、責(zé)怪受害者、物化她們。你所謂的“印度文化”并沒(méi)有你想象的那么純潔。
“昨天我很聰明，所以我想改變世界；今天我有智慧，所以我想改變自己?！?br /> 澄清一下：我并不是說(shuō)每個(gè)印度人都這樣，但這些問(wèn)題太普遍了，不容忽視。如果你愛(ài)你的國(guó)家，那就通過(guò)變得更好來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)。
指責(zé)別人很容易，但改變要從我們自己開(kāi)始。
We bribe traffic cops, pay under-the-table fees, and dodge taxes—but we cry about corruption in politics. You can’t complain about dirty hands when yours are covered in mud.
2. Fake Morality and Double Standards
We scream about “Indian values” but have the highest rates of domestic violence, rape, and dowry deaths. Our so-called culture is rotten with hypocrisy.
3. Education = Memorization, Not Intelligence
Our education system is a joke. Memorize, regurgitate, forget—repeat. No creativity, no critical thinking. We produce degrees, not minds.
4. Log Kya Kahenge: The Real Dream Killer
This toxic mentality is responsible for countless broken dreams and mental health issues. We care more about societal approval than happiness. What a sad way to live.
5. ‘Patriotism’ = Blind Nationalism
We mistake blind loyalty for patriotism. If someone criticizes the country, they’re “anti-national.” Loving your country means wanting it to improve, not worshipping it blindly.
6. Religion: Dividing More Than It Unites
Religion here isn’t about faith—it’s about identity, superiority, and moral policing. We kill in the name of gods we don’t even truly understand.
7. Casteism: The Stain We Pretend Doesn’t Exist
We claim to be modern but still judge people by their caste, even on dating apps. Newsflash: If you believe in caste, you’re part of the problem.
8. Victim Mentality and Excuse Culture
We love to complain but hate taking responsibility. Blame the government, the West, society, fate—everyone except ourselves.
9. No Civic Sense, No Shame
We spit, litter, and piss on roads without a second thought. We treat our public spaces like garbage bins. And then we cry about pollution and bad infrastructure.
10. Misogyny Is in Our DNA
We say we respect women but slut-shame, victim-blame, and obxtify them every chance we get. Your “Indian culture” isn’t as pure as you think.
"Yesterday I was smart and tried to change the world, Today I am wise so I try to change myself."
For clarification:I’m not saying every Indian is like this, but these issues are too widespread to ignore. If you love your country, prove it by being better.
It’s easy to point fingers, but change starts with us.
1. 我們都是虛偽的腐敗分子
我們賄賂交警，支付黑錢(qián)，逃稅漏稅——卻對(duì)政治腐敗大加指責(zé)。當(dāng)你的手也沾滿泥巴時(shí)，就別抱怨別人不干凈。
2. 虛偽的道德與雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
我們高喊“印度價(jià)值觀”，卻擁有最高的家庭暴力、強(qiáng)奸和嫁妝致死率。我們所謂的文化充滿了虛偽和偽善。
3. 教育 = 死記硬背，而非培養(yǎng)智慧
我們的教育系統(tǒng)就是個(gè)笑話。死記硬背、生搬硬套、然后遺忘——循環(huán)往復(fù)。沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造力，沒(méi)有批判性思維。我們生產(chǎn)的是文憑，而不是有思想的人。
4. “別人會(huì)怎么說(shuō)”（印地語(yǔ)，指過(guò)度擔(dān)心他人的看法或社會(huì)的評(píng)價(jià)，下同）：真正的夢(mèng)想殺手
這種有毒的心態(tài)毀掉了無(wú)數(shù)夢(mèng)想，也導(dǎo)致了無(wú)數(shù)心理健康問(wèn)題。我們更在意社會(huì)的認(rèn)可，而不是自己的幸福。多么可悲的生活方式。
5. “愛(ài)國(guó)主義” = 盲目的民族主義
我們把盲目的忠誠(chéng)誤認(rèn)為是愛(ài)國(guó)主義。如果有人批評(píng)這個(gè)國(guó)家，他們就會(huì)被貼上“反國(guó)家”的標(biāo)簽。愛(ài)你的國(guó)家意味著希望它變得更好，而不是盲目崇拜。
6. 宗教：分裂多于團(tuán)結(jié)
在這里，宗教與信仰無(wú)關(guān)——它關(guān)乎身份、優(yōu)越感和道德審判。我們以那些自己都不真正理解的神的名義去殺戮。
7. 種姓制度：我們假裝不存在的污點(diǎn)
我們自稱現(xiàn)代，卻仍然用種姓來(lái)評(píng)判他人，甚至在約會(huì)軟件上也是如此。提醒一下：如果你相信種姓制度，你就是問(wèn)題的一部分。
8.受害者心態(tài)和借口文化
我們喜歡抱怨，卻討厭承擔(dān)責(zé)任。責(zé)怪政府、西方、社會(huì)、命運(yùn)——責(zé)怪除了我們自己之外的所有人。
9. 沒(méi)有公民意識(shí)，沒(méi)有羞恥心
我們毫無(wú)顧忌地在路上吐痰、亂扔垃圾、隨地小便。我們把公共場(chǎng)所當(dāng)成垃圾桶。然后我們又抱怨污染和糟糕的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
10. 性別歧視刻在我們的DNA里
我們嘴上說(shuō)尊重女性，卻一有機(jī)會(huì)就羞辱她們、責(zé)怪受害者、物化她們。你所謂的“印度文化”并沒(méi)有你想象的那么純潔。
“昨天我很聰明，所以我想改變世界；今天我有智慧，所以我想改變自己?！?br /> 澄清一下：我并不是說(shuō)每個(gè)印度人都這樣，但這些問(wèn)題太普遍了，不容忽視。如果你愛(ài)你的國(guó)家，那就通過(guò)變得更好來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)。
指責(zé)別人很容易，但改變要從我們自己開(kāi)始。
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I said this in a post a few days ago. The core of it is 'you can't fix what you don't think is broken'. And much of the population is convinced much less is broken now then it was say 5 or 10 or 15 years ago. So don't think a lot of what you mentioned is anywhere close to being fixed or addressed.
幾天前我在一篇帖子中說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。核心是“你無(wú)法修復(fù)你認(rèn)為沒(méi)有損壞的東西”。而很多人認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題比5年、10年或15年前少得多。因此，我認(rèn)為你提到的很多問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)未得到解決或重視
That misogyny bit where you say “we say respect our women but we slut shame them”; this can be extended to nature as well. Take River Ganga for example, we worship her like a mother (Ganga Mata), but care less about keeping it clean. It’s only sentiments, no real respect. This the exact attitude to women as well; “Bahu ghar ki Lakshmi hai”, lekin she is subhuman in everyone’s eyes.
關(guān)于你提到的性別歧視部分，你說(shuō)“我們嘴上說(shuō)尊重女性，卻羞辱她們”；這一點(diǎn)也可以延伸到自然界。以恒河為例，我們像崇拜母親一樣崇拜她（恒河母親），卻很少關(guān)心如何保持她的清潔。這只是情感上的崇拜，沒(méi)有真正的尊重。這種態(tài)度也完全適用于對(duì)待女性：“媳婦是家里的財(cái)富”（印地語(yǔ)），但在每個(gè)人眼里，她卻是低人一等的。
Indians definitely lack civic sense and I agree with the points mentioned in this post.
印度人確實(shí)缺乏公民意識(shí)，我同意這篇文章中提到的觀點(diǎn)。
And the sheer number of them
還有他們龐大的數(shù)量。（指人數(shù)）
Yes this mindset is the problem. But whats the solution? We are in a vicious cycle where the best strategy for the political parties is to use these things for their gain.Unless the leaders become more educated, stop abusing power, become more level headed and actually implement good practices themselves, we can't solve these issues.
是的，這種心態(tài)是問(wèn)題的根源。但解決方案是什么？我們陷入了一個(gè)惡性循環(huán)，對(duì)政黨來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的策略就是利用這些問(wèn)題為自己謀利。除非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們提高教育水平、停止濫用權(quán)力、變得更理智，并且真正以身作則地實(shí)施良好的做法，否則我們無(wú)法解決這些問(wèn)題
Can we add gullibility to the list? Susceptibility to conspiracy theories/propaganda/pseudoscience/misinformation. Every time someone dies now, I am waiting for someone to blame the covid vaccine. Yesterday, one of my NRI cousins who has worked as a nurse in the US repeated the same nonsense.
我們能把“輕信”也加入這個(gè)列表嗎？容易相信陰謀論、宣傳、偽科學(xué)和錯(cuò)誤信息?，F(xiàn)在每次有人死亡，我都在等著有人把責(zé)任歸咎于新冠疫苗。昨天，我在美國(guó)當(dāng)過(guò)護(hù)士的一個(gè)NRI（非居民印度人）表親也重復(fù)了同樣的胡言亂語(yǔ)。
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You have stated the obvious and i will state it too... i agree. And to add to all of that, we are a low iq nation and it shows.
你說(shuō)出了顯而易見(jiàn)的事實(shí)，我也要再說(shuō)一遍……我同意。除此之外，我還要補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)：我們是一個(gè)低智商的國(guó)家，這一點(diǎn)顯而易見(jiàn)。
People are sheep in this country. Politicians use this and encourage above behaviour for their own benefit. It is very hard to change people's mindset when there is no incentive to change, on the contrary you are supported, praised or even celebrated for some of those actions.Takes a lot of strength and courage to stand against the crowd even when you are right. Eventually you will be knocked down until you submit.I dont see a way out of this.
在這個(gè)國(guó)家，人們就像羊群一樣。政客們利用這一點(diǎn)，并鼓勵(lì)上述行為以謀取私利。當(dāng)沒(méi)有改變的動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，改變?nèi)藗兊男膽B(tài)是非常困難的，相反，你會(huì)因?yàn)槠渲幸恍┬袨槎玫街С帧①潛P(yáng)甚至慶祝。即使你是對(duì)的，站出來(lái)對(duì)抗大眾也需要巨大的力量和勇氣。最終，你會(huì)被打倒，直到你屈服。我看不到出路。
1.Adjusting Nature & Lack of Fighting spirit
Due to centuries of suppression in 1 way or another, Most Indian people have lost fighting spirit and created a Adjusting nature. Indian people will adjust to anything. Bad Law & Order, corruption, poor infra & govt services, unemployment, traffic, pollution. population explosion; whatever the problem is just adjust with it. DOnt fight it. People have seen the local lords, kings etc abusing their power for centuries. Women are taught to adjust with suppression & misogyny. People from lower castes have seen upper castes suppressing them for centuries. Most rebellions were either squashed or they got corrupted and the new power started to suppress people as well. THis has taught the people to just adjust with the problems instead of fighting to solve them. This creates secondary large problems like corruption, population, unemployment, poor govt system etc.
2. Lack of Discipline & efficiency.
We lack discipline (& civic sense) in most areas of life. This combined with lack of efficiency results in poor use of resources and wastefulness.
3. Lack of logical thinking
this results in clinging on to old traditions & values like caste system, poor treatment of women, children etc. Also results in resistance to R&D & innovation. clinging on to older leader in all fields. People are taught to be just keep their head down and keep walking with herd mentality instead of thinking for themselves.
4. Decay of Good value system:
Because of consumerism everyone is chasing money & short term gains. People are becoming prone to think about their own benefit mostly and not care about larger community & society.
1. 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)與缺乏斗爭(zhēng)精神
由于幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)以各種方式受到的壓迫，大多數(shù)印度人已經(jīng)失去了斗爭(zhēng)精神，形成了一種“適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)”的特質(zhì)。印度人會(huì)適應(yīng)任何事情：糟糕的法律與秩序、腐敗、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和政府服務(wù)差、失業(yè)、交通擁堵、污染、人口爆炸；無(wú)論什么問(wèn)題，都只是適應(yīng)它，而不是去解決它。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們目睹了地方領(lǐng)主、國(guó)王等濫用權(quán)力。女性被教導(dǎo)要適應(yīng)壓迫和性別歧視，低種姓的人幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直受到高種姓的壓制。大多數(shù)反抗要么被鎮(zhèn)壓，要么被腐化，新的權(quán)力也開(kāi)始?jí)浩热嗣瘛＿@教會(huì)了人們?nèi)ミm應(yīng)問(wèn)題，而不是去解決它們。這導(dǎo)致了腐敗、人口過(guò)剩、失業(yè)、政府系統(tǒng)低效等次生問(wèn)題。
2. 缺乏紀(jì)律與效率
我們?cè)谏畹脑S多方面缺乏紀(jì)律（和公德心）。再加上效率低下，導(dǎo)致資源浪費(fèi)和低效利用。
3. 缺乏邏輯思維
這導(dǎo)致人們固守舊的傳統(tǒng)和價(jià)值觀，比如種姓制度、對(duì)婦女和兒童的惡劣對(duì)待等。同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致對(duì)研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新的抵制，以及在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域固守老一輩的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。人們被教導(dǎo)要低頭隨大流，而不是為自己思考。
4. 良好價(jià)值觀的衰退
由于消費(fèi)主義，每個(gè)人都在追逐金錢(qián)和短期利益。人們變得越來(lái)越傾向于只考慮自己的利益，而不關(guān)心更大的社區(qū)和社會(huì)。
Casteism, Misogyny, Fake morality & double standards, religious divide ARE the system. And then, corporate welfare, working class exploitation & reactionary policies are also the system.
種姓制度、性別歧視、虛偽的道德與雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、宗教分裂就是體制本身。此外，企業(yè)福利、對(duì)工人階級(jí)的剝削以及反動(dòng)政策也是體制的一部分。
Not the first time I am reading such a thing.I 口 agree with what's written in the post. You hit the nail on the head so hard.Acceptance is the first step to finding the cure. Sadly, we Indians have become so indifferent and shameless, that we don't even want to accept where we are collectively wrong.A good example is, a scientific body claims that there is fecal bacteria (the one you find in 口) at kumbh waters, and is not fit for bathing, let alone drinking. People start trolling you and claiming that it's propaganda against religion and what not. How dumb is that? Illiteracy, and the inability to humbly accept what is true, is the root problem of this country, and all other problems grow out of that.
這不是我第一次讀到這樣的內(nèi)容了。我百分之百同意這篇文章的內(nèi)容。你說(shuō)得太對(duì)了，一針見(jiàn)血。接受問(wèn)題是找到解決辦法的第一步。可悲的是，我們印度人已經(jīng)變得如此冷漠和無(wú)恥，甚至不愿意承認(rèn)我們?cè)谀男┓矫婕w錯(cuò)了。一個(gè)很好的例子是，某個(gè)科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)聲稱在坎布節(jié)的水域中發(fā)現(xiàn)了糞便細(xì)菌（你在大便中找到的那種），不適合洗澡，更不用說(shuō)飲用了。人們卻開(kāi)始嘲笑你，聲稱這是反宗教的宣傳攻擊，諸如此類。這有多愚蠢？文盲和無(wú)法謙卑地接受事實(shí)，是這個(gè)國(guó)家的根本問(wèn)題，所有其他問(wèn)題都由此而生。
“Desam ante matti kaadhu, desam ante manushulu” is a popular quote in telugu.
It means a country is not just land and soil, a country is defined by its people
泰盧固語(yǔ)中的一句名言。
它的意思是：一個(gè)國(guó)家不僅僅是土地和土壤，一個(gè)國(guó)家是由它的人民定義的。
Well said . As I had read some where , in olden days when kingdoms were ruled by kings the population was reflection of the kings. In modern day democracy , the rulers(politicians) are reflection of the people who elect them. We as a society do not want to introspect and blame all our issues on others.
說(shuō)得好。正如我在某處讀到的，在古代由國(guó)王統(tǒng)治的王國(guó)中，人口是國(guó)王的反映。在現(xiàn)代民主制度中，統(tǒng)治者（政客）是選舉他們的人民的反映。我們作為一個(gè)社會(huì)，卻不愿意反省，而是把所有問(wèn)題歸咎于他人。
One major problem of India is actually people who can't even feed themselves have too many children.You even see homeless people having 5+ children. Many of them are result of rape as well.We need to create a shaming culture for people who cannot feed themselves yet have so many children
印度的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題其實(shí)是，那些連自己都養(yǎng)不活的人卻生了太多孩子。你甚至能看到無(wú)家可歸的人生了5個(gè)以上的孩子，其中許多還是強(qiáng)奸的結(jié)果。我們需要為那些無(wú)法養(yǎng)活自己卻生了很多孩子的人建立一種羞恥文化。
Main thing: we care about things we shouldn’t care about aka log kya kahenge, but don’t care about things we should care about aka cleanliness, pollution, education, etc.
關(guān)鍵是：我們關(guān)心那些不該關(guān)心的事情，比如“別人會(huì)怎么說(shuō)”（印地語(yǔ)），卻不關(guān)心那些應(yīng)該關(guān)心的事情，比如清潔、污染、教育等等。
Log Kya Kahenga : Most of the problems will be solved just by eliminating this. People especially the older generation really have this thing about submitting to society that they base their entire self worth and identity on it to the point of even sacrificing the well being of their own family. There is just no rationality and logic with this. Caste system, forced arranged marriages, religion, education system, expensive weddings, career etc. it's all to put up a face to society which in general is already brainwashed by influential powers like politicians, religious leaders and capitalism. It's like an entire clown show and no one realises how they're being played. So shallow and superficial. Another thing is how people instead of having their own self identity, make nationalism or religion or culture as the core of their identity which gives them a fragile ego, unable to critically think and grow as a person.
“別人會(huì)怎么說(shuō)”（印地語(yǔ)）：只要消除這一點(diǎn)，大多數(shù)問(wèn)題就能得到解決。人們，尤其是老一輩，真的有一種屈從于社會(huì)的心理，他們把自我價(jià)值和身份完全建立在這之上，甚至不惜犧牲自己家庭的幸福。這完全沒(méi)有理性和邏輯可言。種姓制度、強(qiáng)迫包辦婚姻、宗教、教育體系、昂貴的婚禮、職業(yè)選擇等等，都是為了給社會(huì)“撐面子”，而這個(gè)社會(huì)本身已經(jīng)被政客、宗教領(lǐng)袖和資本主義等有影響力的力量洗腦了。這就像一場(chǎng)小丑表演，卻沒(méi)有人意識(shí)到自己被操縱了。如此膚淺和表面化。另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，人們沒(méi)有自己的獨(dú)立身份認(rèn)同，而是把民族主義、宗教或文化作為他們身份的核心，這給了他們一種脆弱的自尊心，使他們無(wú)法批判性思考，也無(wú)法作為個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)。