印度的肥胖定時(shí)炸彈
India’s Obesity Time Bomb
譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友：我從美國來到喀拉拉邦工作，我記得那里富人通常超重、皮膚不好，而窮人則身材苗條、皮膚光澤、牙齒潔白。這讓我開始質(zhì)疑自己的飲食習(xí)慣！
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印度的肥胖定時(shí)炸彈
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@thegracienetwork7847
I came from USA to work in Kerala & I remember wealthier people were overweight, bad skin, while poorer people in were slim, glowing skin, white teeth. Made me question my eating habits!
我從美國來到喀拉拉邦工作，我記得那里富人通常超重、皮膚不好，而窮人則身材苗條、皮膚光澤、牙齒潔白。這讓我開始質(zhì)疑自己的飲食習(xí)慣！
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Glad to see this being covered. The problems aren’t unique to India but we have a few adverse issues stacked against us. South Asians appear to develop diabetes and cardiovascular disease at a lower BMI and no one is quite sure why. There is a theory that the famines mentioned in the video, especially severe during Empire, have genetically “primed” Indians to develop this. South Asians are hugely over represented among my patients in spite of making up small numbers of the overall population in the UK, and develop problems at a young age. Secondly Indian food is labour intensive so as women already shoulder most of childcare and household duties, as they have entered the workplace, they are particularly susceptible to choosing processed options that might make their life easier when feeding the family, thirdly Indian work culture is intense (see Narayana Murthy just yesterday proposing a 70 hour work week) so even young single people simply don’t have the time to make healthy choices and cook at home. Swiggy etc is too easy. The change in average waistline since my birth in the 80s has been so dramatic. But money rules all and every government welcomes in multinationals.
很高興看到這個(gè)話題被討論。這些問題并非印度獨(dú)有，但我們面臨一些不利的因素。南亞人似乎在較低的BMI下就會(huì)患上糖尿病和心血管疾病，原因尚不明確。有一種理論認(rèn)為視頻中提到的饑荒，尤其是帝國時(shí)期的嚴(yán)重饑荒，從基因上“塑造”了印度人易患這些疾病的體質(zhì)。盡管南亞人在英國總?cè)丝谥姓急容^小，但在我的患者中卻占了很大的比例，且問題在年輕時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。其次，印度食物制作耗時(shí)，女性已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了大部分育兒和家務(wù)責(zé)任，進(jìn)入職場后，她們特別容易選擇加工食品以簡化生活。第三，印度的工作文化緊張（比如Narayana Murthy昨天提議每周工作70小時(shí)），即使是年輕的單身人士也沒有時(shí)間做出健康的選擇或在家做飯，Swiggy等外賣平臺(tái)太方便了。自從我上世紀(jì)80年代出生以來，印度的平均腰圍的變化如此巨大。但金錢主宰一切，每個(gè)政府都?xì)g迎跨國公司。
One BIG problem is that adults are constantly giving sugar and junk food to kids. They think it is a treat for kids and shows love for the child. If you try to stop them, they consider you too strict and a joy-killer. All junk food should be labelled as “Unsafe for children’s consumption”.
一個(gè)大問題是成年人不斷給孩子們糖和垃圾食品，他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)孩子的款待，表達(dá)了對(duì)孩子的愛。如果你試圖阻止他們，他們會(huì)認(rèn)為你太嚴(yán)格，破壞了樂趣。所有垃圾食品都應(yīng)標(biāo)注為“兒童不宜食用”。
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We visited my aunt's house in India few years back. She was so proud telling us how "modern" Indian food industry has become since BK, McD, KFC and other fast food chains entered Indian markets. According to her Maggi noodles was equivalent to a home cooked meal. Personally, I think we've stopped listening to our bodies and often ignore early signs.
幾年前我們?nèi)チ擞《裙霉眉?。她非常自豪地告訴我們，自從漢堡王、麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基等連鎖快餐進(jìn)入印度市場后，印度食品行業(yè)變得多么“現(xiàn)代”。在她看來，Maggi面條等同于家常飯。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為我們已經(jīng)不再傾聽自己的身體，常常忽視早期信號(hào)。
It's a common myth that we are becoming obese coz of western food, which is not entirely true. Our food such as Samosa, Vadapav, jalebi and many other fried fitters are just as bad as a burger or Pizza. What really is causing obesity in Indians is the fact that we're becoming more and more sedentary and not moving as much as we're eating. When you don't exercise or exert urself, and even if u don't eat junk food or sugary drinks, you're still prone to obesity because whatever you're eating, isn't being consumed by body entirely and genetically it gets stored as fats. One can eat as much healthy food as they want but the bottom line remains the fact that we NEED to exercise mandatorily.
一個(gè)常見的誤解是我們因?yàn)槲魇绞澄锒兊梅逝?，這并不完全正確。我們的食物如薩摩薩、瓦達(dá)帕夫、杰萊比和其他油炸食品與漢堡或披薩一樣糟糕。真正導(dǎo)致印度人肥胖的是我們變得越來越久坐不動(dòng)，吃得比動(dòng)得多。即使你不吃垃圾食品或含糖飲料，如果不鍛煉或消耗能量，你仍然容易肥胖，因?yàn)闊o論你吃什么，身體都無法完全消耗，基因上會(huì)將其儲(chǔ)存為脂肪。一個(gè)人可以吃盡可能多的健康食品，但底線是我們必須強(qiáng)制鍛煉。
I used to work for a big pharma company. The sad thing about 10 years ago they were predicting a rise in diabetes in India. They were happy because that meant selling more diabetes drugs. They really werent trying to tackle the cause of the problem.
我曾在一家大型制藥公司工作，可悲的是10年前他們預(yù)測印度的糖尿病會(huì)增加。他們很高興，因?yàn)檫@意味著可以銷售更多的治療糖尿病的藥物，他們并沒有真正試圖解決問題的根源。
I am in my mid-twenties struggling with being overweight, there are too many factors leading to the obesity. 1. Sedentary Lifestyle 2. Overeating as a solution to managing stress. 3. Socializing with family and friends means access to more food 4. Pop-up of thousands of F&B options 5. Lack of knowledge amongst the public about proper nutrition and fitness.
我二十多歲，正在與超重作斗爭。導(dǎo)致肥胖的因素太多了：1. 久坐的生活方式 2. 過度飲食作為應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的方法 3. 與家人和朋友社交意味著更多的食物 4. 成千上萬的餐飲選擇涌現(xiàn) 5. 公眾缺乏關(guān)于正確營養(yǎng)和健身的知識(shí)。
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Everyone here is commenting on the food. Literally, our cities/towns are designed in such a way that public access to parks, bicycle lanes etc. is limited, the choice is between an expensive (consider the median income) indoor workout facility or barely any cardio.
這里的每個(gè)人都在評(píng)論食物。實(shí)際上，我們的城市/城鎮(zhèn)設(shè)計(jì)使得公眾進(jìn)入公園、自行車道等的機(jī)會(huì)有限，選擇要么是昂貴的（考慮到中位數(shù)收入）室內(nèi)健身設(shè)施，要么幾乎沒有有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。
I’m a Keralite living in a western country. My dad used to wake me up and my sister at 6:00 AM and make us exercise before going to school everyday. We as a family works out including my mom and eat healthy. I still goes to gym, so my dad who is in his 60s. He is hitting hard in gym and lose 15 kgs recently. I’m proud of my upbringing.
我是生活在西方國家的喀拉拉邦人。我爸爸過去每天早晨6點(diǎn)叫醒我和我妹妹，讓我們在上學(xué)前鍛煉。我們?nèi)叶煎憻?，包括我媽媽，并且吃得健康。我仍然?huì)去健身房，我爸爸60多歲了，他也在健身房努力鍛煉，最近減了15公斤。我為我的成長感到自豪。
The same pattern has been repeated numerous times: USA, Mexico, Philippines, etc. Western companies are often the spearhead but even without them local businessmen see the fast food business model and start to provide pizza, sugary drinks, processed snack foods, etc.
同樣的模式已經(jīng)在美國、墨西哥、菲律賓等國重復(fù)了無數(shù)次。西方公司通常是先鋒，但即使沒有它們，本地商人也會(huì)看到快餐商業(yè)模式并開始提供披薩、含糖飲料、加工零食等。
First world problems are becoming common in third world countries. People think eating KFC or McDonalds is cool. I'm a Ghanaian, in Ghana the youth are patronising in these foods. Home cooked meals are becoming a thing of the past. I fear this might get out of hand, fizzy drinks and sodas are also very popular here.
第一世界的問題在第三世界國家變得普遍，人們認(rèn)為吃肯德基或麥當(dāng)勞很酷。我是加納人，在加納，年輕人熱衷于這些食物，家常飯正在成為過去。我擔(dān)心這可能會(huì)失控，碳酸飲料在這里也非常流行。
I just want to say I was overweight 97 kgs to be precise on 10th November 2021, Today is 7th November 2023 almost 2 years and I am 66.7kgs. My height is 5’8. The only advice I can give is buy a kitchen scale and be in calorie deficit. No 30 min abs workout or drinking honey lemon water is going to help you.
我只想說，2021年11月10日我超重97公斤，今天是2023年11月7日，差不多兩年了，我現(xiàn)在66.7公斤。我的身高是5英尺8英寸，我唯一能給出的建議是買一個(gè)廚房秤，保持熱量赤字，30分鐘的腹肌鍛煉或喝蜂蜜檸檬水都不會(huì)幫助你。
It's not just about physical health, when I was around 15 I was struggling with my academics alot, it's only now years later that i realised that my poor diet at the time had a direct influence on that as well.
這不僅僅與身體健康有關(guān)，我15歲時(shí)在學(xué)業(yè)上遇到了很多困難，直到多年后我才意識(shí)到當(dāng)時(shí)的不良飲食也直接影響了我的學(xué)業(yè)。
I had to lol at the “much of India’s history has been blighted by famine” bit. Much of Indian history hasn’t actually been blighted by famine…the famines she’s referring to were actually created by the Brits during their oppressive 200 year rule. It’s not like India and Indians somehow are just naturally predisposed to famines.
我不得不對(duì)“印度歷史的大部分被饑荒所困擾”這一點(diǎn)笑出聲。印度歷史的大部分實(shí)際上并沒有被饑荒所困擾……她提到的饑荒實(shí)際上是在英國200年壓迫統(tǒng)治期間造成的，并不是印度和印度人天生就容易發(fā)生饑荒。
I worked in India for 6 months 7 years ago and I remember seeing how all my Indian coworkers ate and was shocked more weren’t obese. All they ate was fried carbs, naan, and rice. We were all in our mid 20s, and some I swear never ate a vegetable the entire time if it wasn’t fried or a pizza topping
7年前我在印度工作了6個(gè)月，我記得我看到我的印度同事們的飲食時(shí)驚訝于他們中沒有更多人肥胖，因?yàn)樗麄兂缘亩际怯驼ㄌ妓衔?、馕和米飯。我們都?5歲左右，有些人我敢說他們從未吃過蔬菜。
I am from that era where schools didn't have canteens and we used to eat healthy home-cooked meals such as chapati, rice, and vegetables(sabzi). Which used to be healthy and tasty, but now parents are both working, don't have time to cook meals for their children's, and it's really heartbreaking because it's not just a food we're giving up on; it's the culture of our food we're letting down.
我來自那個(gè)學(xué)校沒有食堂的時(shí)代，我們吃健康的家常飯，如恰帕蒂、米飯和蔬菜（薩布茲）。這些食物既健康又美味，但現(xiàn)在父母都在工作，沒有時(shí)間為孩子做飯，這真的令人心碎，因?yàn)槲覀儾粌H放棄了食物，還放棄了我們的飲食文化。
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It is truly baffling how in a country where a large portion of the population is starving, there is an obesity problem. This is the biggest indicator of a huge wealth gap and class gap within the country.
在一個(gè)大部分人口挨餓的國家，竟然存在肥胖問題，這真是令人困惑。這是該國巨大貧富差距和階級(jí)差距的最大指標(biāo)。
It's been a year since I completely stopped eating junk food and I've lost a lot of weight and my moods have drastically improved too. I've completely lost cravings for those processed foods as well. These foods have a terrible effect on both your short term/long term health.
我已經(jīng)完全停止吃垃圾食品一年了，體重減輕了很多，情緒也大大改善。我也完全失去了對(duì)那些加工食品的渴望，這些食物對(duì)你的短期和長期健康都有可怕的影響。
I'm really surprised by this because I grew up in India and always found its non-fast food delicious. Also when I studied agriculture I learned how incredibly wise traditional Indian cooking is in terms of protein (balancing aminoacids) and vitamins. I went back to rice with dahl and/or slightly acidic curries (through yoghurt or tamarind) to get my BMI back under 25 and it worked.
我對(duì)此感到非常驚訝，因?yàn)槲以谟《乳L大，一直覺得印度的非快餐非常美味。此外，當(dāng)我學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)時(shí)，我了解到傳統(tǒng)印度烹飪在蛋白質(zhì)（平衡氨基酸）和維生素方面是多么明智。我重新開始吃米飯配豆類和/或微酸咖喱（通過酸奶或羅望子），將我的BMI恢復(fù)到25以下，效果很好。
This is so important for Indians and Indian parents to understand. We are affected 3 fold not just by our unregulated marketing of foods that we have in India we also have a genetic predisposition due to the famines of the past & and like America we don't have socialized Health care. Regardless of history, the important message is even more important that we address this issue now before we have an unfit and useless population that can't defend itself or even pay for its medical care we will see huge numbers of unnecessary deaths and in India, if you have huge medical bills that can cripple the poor and middle class you won't see any mobility. DO NOT become a cash cow for unscrupulous companies profiteering on human addiction and evil marketing tactics, no one will save you.
這對(duì)印度人和印度的父母來說非常重要。我們受到三重影響，不僅是因?yàn)橛《仁称窢I銷不受監(jiān)管，還因?yàn)檫^去的饑荒導(dǎo)致的基因傾向，而且像美國一樣，我們沒有社會(huì)化的醫(yī)療。無論歷史如何，重要的信息是我們現(xiàn)在必須解決這個(gè)問題，否則我們將有一個(gè)不健康和無用的人口，無法自衛(wèi)甚至支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，我們將看到大量不必要的死亡。在印度，如果你有巨額醫(yī)療賬單，這會(huì)使窮人和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)陷入困境，你將看不到任何流動(dòng)性。不要成為無良公司利用人類成癮和邪惡營銷策略牟利的搖錢樹，否則沒有人會(huì)救你。
Nobody, I mean nobody reads the calorie count and portion size given on the back of processed foods. This should be taught early on what needs to be consumed. I used to enjoy a glass of Bourvita and processed cereals for breakfast. That's an easy 800-1000 calories with a high sugar count. And yet I used to still feel hungry by Lunchtime. Glad at 32 years old I have cut down on many of these things and I wish I had known some of these things a lot earlier.
沒有人，我是說沒有人會(huì)讀加工食品背面的卡路里和分量。應(yīng)該盡早教給人們需要攝入什么。我曾經(jīng)喜歡早餐喝一杯Bourvita和加工谷物，這很容易達(dá)到800-1000卡路里，因?yàn)樗暮橇亢芨?。然而，我仍然在午餐時(shí)間感到饑餓。很高興在32歲時(shí)我減少了很多這些東西，我希望我早一些知道這些事情。
I think it's not just the food that needs to be changed but the mental health also needs to be address. They both are lixed together. Having a bad day, people will junk and now too much junk food will put them into bad mental health.
我認(rèn)為不僅需要改變食物，還需要解決心理健康問題，它們是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。心情不好時(shí)，人們會(huì)吃垃圾食品，而現(xiàn)在過多的垃圾食品會(huì)使他們的心理健康狀況惡化。
A very similar situation where I live in Malaysia. Highly processed snacks and foods being sold on all corners at all times of day, horrible work-life balance so no time or energy to cook, lack of / completely decrepit community areas so no way to play sports or do physical activity without having to drive halfway across town.
我生活在馬來西亞，情況非常相似。高度加工的零食和食品在一天中的任何時(shí)候都在各個(gè)角落出售，工作與生活平衡極差，沒有時(shí)間或精力做飯，社區(qū)區(qū)域缺乏或完全破敗，所以沒有地方進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)或鍛煉，除非開車穿過半個(gè)城市。
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Time. Plain and simple. Indian food takes a lot of time to prepare generally speaking. Additionally, both parents are usually working long hours these days and joint family structures are not very common anymore. This breakup of family time takes a toll on everyone.
原因是時(shí)間，簡單明了。一般來說，印度食物需要很長時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備。此外，現(xiàn)在父母通常工作時(shí)間很長，聯(lián)合家庭結(jié)構(gòu)不再常見，這種家庭時(shí)間的分裂對(duì)每個(gè)人都有影響。
No body ate out 2023 years ago, mc Donald’s was so expensive you couldn’t afford it. Everyone cooked at home when a guest came and the local sweet maker or savoury maker would cook things from scratch in their shop and you would bring them over once in a blue moon. Even fruit juice was impossibly expensive. The only occasional treat was maggi noodles which did make you feel sick. Cook at home from scratch and you won’t be obese.
2023年前沒有人外出就餐，麥當(dāng)勞太貴了，你買不起?？腿藖頃r(shí)，每個(gè)人都在家做飯，當(dāng)?shù)氐奶瘘c(diǎn)或咸味食品制作者會(huì)在他們的店里從頭開始制作食物，你偶爾會(huì)帶一些過來。即使是果汁也貴得離譜。唯一的偶爾享用的是Maggi面條，但它確實(shí)讓你感到惡心。在家從頭開始做飯，你就不會(huì)肥胖。
Obesity time bomb is quite a bit of an exaggeration. I mean 8% obese men and 12% obese women in 2035 while in most of Latin America it's now already approaching 30% and it's now already 42% in the usa. It will probably be close to 50% in those countries by 2035... the numbers of India aren't too bad then.
肥胖定時(shí)炸彈有點(diǎn)夸張。我的意思是到2035年，印度只有8%的男性和12%的女性肥胖，而在大多數(shù)拉丁美洲國家，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)接近30%，在美國已經(jīng)是42%。到2035年，這些國家可能會(huì)接近50%……印度的數(shù)字還不算太糟。
For years Indian women who were disrespected and whose work was seen as having no value by the men, used to invest their time in cooking healthy meals at home. Now women have started going out to work and earning. So with more money and less time, children have more autonomy and they gravitate towards junk. I think now people are realizing the value of the unpaid work done by women folk in their homes.
多年來，印度女性一直得不到尊重，她們的工作被男性視為沒有價(jià)值，她們過去常?；〞r(shí)間在家烹飪健康的飯菜?，F(xiàn)在女性開始外出工作和賺錢，因此，隨著更多的錢和更少的時(shí)間，孩子們有更多的自主權(quán)，他們傾向于選擇垃圾食品。我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在人們應(yīng)該開始意識(shí)到女性在家中無償工作的價(jià)值。
traditional indian snack foods like chana and daal are pretty healthy, but it seems they are getting displaced by the more calorically dense and less sating American style snack foods. We could blame the companies making and marketing these, but the fact is they've had decades worth of product research with which they've engineered some delicious stuff. It's hard to stay away from fries, kettle cooked potato chips, soda, etc.
傳統(tǒng)的印度小吃如鷹嘴豆和扁豆非常健康，但似乎它們正在被熱量更高、飽腹感更差的美國風(fēng)格小吃所取代。我們可以責(zé)怪制造和營銷這些食品的公司，但事實(shí)是它們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了幾十年的產(chǎn)品研究并設(shè)計(jì)出了一些美味的東西。我們很難遠(yuǎn)離薯?xiàng)l、鍋煮薯片、蘇打水等。
Weird how India despite being a 3rd world country has simultaneously epidemics of obesity and starvation, opulence and poverty in stark contrast existing together and we turn a blind eye to the unhealthy and dangerous consequences of processed and packaged foods while trying to resemble the west in our lifestyle choices
奇怪的是盡管印度是一個(gè)第三世界國家，卻同時(shí)存在著肥胖和饑餓、富裕和貧困的流行病，這些截然相反的現(xiàn)象并存，而我們對(duì)加工和包裝食品的不健康和危險(xiǎn)后果視而不見，同時(shí)試圖在生活方式選擇上模仿西方。
The USA faced the same obesity problem, not just in adults but also in children back in the 1990s- early 20s. Obesity issues began when Indians adopted the 'American' lifestyle or in general a Western lifestyle.
美國在1990年代到21世紀(jì)初也面臨著同樣的肥胖問題，不僅在成年人中，也在兒童中。肥胖問題始于印度人采用“美國”生活方式或一般的西方生活方式。
Thanks for making this Video..
Irony is that the gap between the poor and rich is ever increasing in India... Hence you see increase in the malnourished children (especially under 5) along with increase in the over nourished children.. Government is constantly been battling the issue for undernourished children however it has no say on over nourished category. You have not included
CHATS which forms the huge part of junk food here.. these chats are usually made up of white flour and deep fried in oil/ghee.
WHITE FLOUR BASED FOODS like naan, paratha etc., which forms the everyday food in northern part of India..
WHITE RICE - which forms the basic food in southern and Eastern India.
BIRIYANI (Rice and meat based spicy food) - which is the number one seller in the country.
BUTTER - which is used generously in all sorts of north Indian food..
All these are also reason for rising obesity in the people here...
Another factor is that people have forgotten their roots aka their traditional food and traditional lifestyle (which are seasonal in nature and scientifically alligned too whether its celebrating festival or food intake.) and also spiritual practices like Yoga, meditation to name a few...
感謝制作這個(gè)視頻。
諷刺的是，印度的貧富差距越來越大……因此，你會(huì)看到營養(yǎng)不良的兒童（尤其是5歲以下）和營養(yǎng)過剩的兒童都在增加。政府一直在與營養(yǎng)不良兒童的問題作斗爭，但對(duì)營養(yǎng)過剩的類別卻無能為力。你還沒有提到：
CHATS食品，這是這里垃圾食品的很大一部分……這些CHATS食品通常由白面粉制成，并在油/酥油中油炸。
白面粉食品，如馕、帕拉塔等，這些是印度北部地區(qū)的日常食品。
白米——這是印度南部和東部地區(qū)的基本食物。
印度香飯（米飯和肉類的辛辣食品）——這是全國最暢銷的食品。
黃油——在印度北部的各種食物中大量使用。
所有這些也是這里的人們肥胖率上升的原因……
另一個(gè)因素是人們忘記了他們的根源，即他們的傳統(tǒng)食物和傳統(tǒng)生活方式（這些生活方式是季節(jié)性的，并且在科學(xué)上也是相匹配的，無論是慶祝節(jié)日還是食物攝入）以及精神實(shí)踐，如瑜伽、冥想等。
as an Indian myself working in a metropolitan, healthy food is an after-thought, there are new food startups that are aiming at healthy low calorie and high protein food at fast food speeds, but it will take time to blend in the unhealthy food scene, restaurants, street vendors and cloud kitchens are also trying to include health options ,also a misconception that vegetarian foods don't have protein, milk, butter-milk and curd are excellent sources of protein the calorie/gram of protein is comparable to meats like pork and beef.
作為一個(gè)在大都市工作的印度人，健康食品是事后才想到的，有一些新的食品初創(chuàng)公司旨在以快餐速度提供健康低卡路里和高蛋白食品，但這需要時(shí)間融入不健康的食品場景。餐廳、街頭小販和云廚房也在嘗試包括健康選項(xiàng)，還有一個(gè)誤解是素食食品缺乏蛋白質(zhì)，牛奶、酪乳和酸奶是蛋白質(zhì)的極好來源，其蛋白質(zhì)的卡路里/克與豬肉和牛肉等肉類相當(dāng)。