令人震驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)3000 年前的失落王國金沙遺址
The Shocking Discovery Of A 3,000-Year-Old Lost Kingdom | Mysteries Of China | Absolute History
譯文簡介
2001年，成都的建筑工人在施工過程中意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了金沙遺址，這被認(rèn)為是本世紀(jì)最重要的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。該遺址出土了大量玉器、黃金，以及在墓地中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)千具人類遺骸，一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為可能與人祭活動(dòng)有關(guān)。
正文翻譯
這是英國一個(gè)考古紀(jì)錄片頻道制作的視頻。
Construction workers in Chengdu, China, accidentally discovered the archeological site known as Jinsha in 2001, considered one of the most significant discoveries of the century. The site contains a treasure trove of Jade, gold, and thousands of human remains in burial grounds, with some suggesting possible human sacrifice. Jinsha was an ancient kingdom thriving around the same time as the Shang Dynasty in the Sichuan basin, challenging previous beliefs about the only birthplace of Chinese culture being the Central Plain of the Yellow River. Very little is known about the Shu People, the inhabitants of ancient Chengdu, as they left no written records, and information comes mainly from texts of rival cultures. The discoveries at Jinsha, including giant bronze masks and a bronze figure with divine powers, indicate a complex religious and cultural system. The civilization's disappearance might be lixed to natural disasters like earthquakes and floods or changes in water management
2001年，成都的建筑工人在施工過程中意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了金沙遺址，這被認(rèn)為是本世紀(jì)最重要的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。該遺址出土了大量玉器、黃金，以及在墓地中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)千具人類遺骸，一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為可能與人祭活動(dòng)有關(guān)。
金沙是一個(gè)古老王國，在商朝時(shí)期它在四川盆地繁榮發(fā)展，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了之前認(rèn)為中國文化發(fā)源地僅限于黃河中原地區(qū)的觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)于古蜀人的信息人們知之甚少，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有留下文字記錄，現(xiàn)有信息主要來自對手文化的文獻(xiàn)記載。
在金沙遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物，包括巨大的青銅面具和具有神力的青銅人像，表明這里存在著復(fù)雜的宗教和文化體系。這個(gè)文明的消失可能與地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害或者水利管理的變化有關(guān)。
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Something I find interesting about their discoveries about this ancient people are the early civilization tropes that parallel to that of the early Celts. They both have practices of human sacrifice and burying alive the servants or slaves of nobles along with them, adorned with precious items, chariots, and more. It’s fascinating how many early civilizations have very similar habits despite their separate locations and zero contact due to geographical boundaries.
我覺得很有意思的一點(diǎn)是，這個(gè)古代文明和早期凱爾特人有很多相似之處。兩個(gè)文明都有人祭的習(xí)俗，都會(huì)把奴隸或仆人活埋在貴族墳?zāi)估?。墓里還放著珍貴的陪葬品、戰(zhàn)車等等。讓人著迷的是，盡管這些早期文明彼此之間因?yàn)榈乩砀綦x從未接觸過，卻發(fā)展出了如此相似的習(xí)俗。
From what I heard, they never found human remains so idk where ur idea came from
據(jù)我所知，他們根本沒發(fā)現(xiàn)過人類遺骸，不知道你這說法是從哪來的。
probably from History channel Ancient Aliens- I mean the Celts didn't do what this person claims either.
This video isn't much better (at least the title) "lost kingdom" what?! the Chinese have known about the Shang dynasty for millenia, wait until Americans learn of the xia
估計(jì)是從歷史頻道的《遠(yuǎn)古外星人》看來的吧。說實(shí)話，這人說的凱爾特人習(xí)俗也是錯(cuò)的。
這個(gè)視頻也好不到哪去，瞧瞧這標(biāo)題，什么“失落的王國”？中國人幾千年來一直都知道商朝的歷史。等著瞧吧，美國人要是知道還有夏朝，怕不是要驚掉下巴。
I honestly despite that channel. What aliens? Ever heard of "artistic freedom?"
說實(shí)話我特?zé)┠莻€(gè)頻道。什么外星人??？沒聽說過“藝術(shù)自由”嗎？
to me it seems more to be about superiority, as if people 2 or even 4 thousand years ago were not as intelligent, industrious and talented as us-- only difference is a greater amount of collective knowledge
在我看來，這更像是一種優(yōu)越感作祟。好像兩千年、甚至四千年前的人就不如我們聰明、不如我們勤勞、不如我們有才華似的。
其實(shí)唯一的區(qū)別就是，我們現(xiàn)在積累的知識(shí)比較多罷了。
It IS NOT a "lost kingdom". It is a city that is something like a "missing lix" between two different periods of the western Sichuan cultures, which we group together as Shu.
This find is more like accidentally finding a Greek city from 800BCE we didn't know about before, it is an intermediary period we don't know much about. The OLDEST "Shu" culture we have like 6 sites for, though only one that is large and with many artifacts, and not long after Jinsha we have multiple other sites, from the very late Spring and Autumn and into the Warring States period. But the kingdom of Qin conquered the Shu kingdom, and then the Ba-Shu people of eastern Sichuan, and the culture was essentially wiped out through forced assimilation. Only tiny remnants of their language and culture are still around. Jinsha was (likely) the capital of more like a series of something like city-states, it is hard to say for certain.
這根本不是什么“失落的王國”。這只是一座城市，是川西兩個(gè)不同時(shí)期文化之間的“缺失環(huán)節(jié)”，我們把這些文化統(tǒng)稱為蜀文化。
這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)就像是意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座公元前800年的希臘城市，是我們對這個(gè)時(shí)期了解甚少。最早期的蜀文化，我們只發(fā)現(xiàn)了6處遺址，其中只有一處規(guī)模較大且文物豐富。
到了金沙之后不久，就有了多處遺址，時(shí)間從春秋末期一直延續(xù)到戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期。后來秦國征服了蜀國，又征服了巴蜀地區(qū)的四川東部，蜀文化被秦同化。
現(xiàn)在只殘存著一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)他們的語言和文化痕跡。金沙很可能是一系列城邦聯(lián)盟的都城，具體情況很難說清楚。
Like the Etruscan civilisation, fully developed and inter-acting with other cultures till the Romans subdued them.
就跟伊特魯里亞（今意大利半島及科西嘉島）文明一樣，本來發(fā)展得好好的，還跟其他文明有來往，結(jié)果被羅馬人征服了。
China has such a rich and beautiful history ?
中國的歷史真是豐富又美麗。
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Droughts and floods have felled many civilisations.
旱災(zāi)和洪水可是毀滅了不少文明呢。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
The point of outfitting the gods with a mask is to cover his unsightly appearance because as Quetzalcoatl said
"If ever my subjects were to see my true appearance, they would surely run away!"
給神像戴面具是為了遮住他丑陋的相貌，就像羽蛇神所說的那樣：“要是讓我的子民看到我真實(shí)的樣子，他們肯定會(huì)嚇跑的！”。（譯注：出自維拉科查的神話故事。維拉科查是前印加和印加神話中的創(chuàng)造神，據(jù)說他有人類的外貌，通常被認(rèn)為是有胡須的。形象近似良渚神徽。幾近褪色的記憶的作者認(rèn)為，這個(gè)神是中國南北朝時(shí)期到達(dá)美洲的和尚慧深）
In addition to Shu, there is actually a kingdom called Ba in Sichuan, which is actually as old as Shu.
除了蜀國，在四川還有一個(gè)巴國，其實(shí)和蜀國一樣古老。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://m.mintwatchbillionaireclub.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
Another great video! I'm in the middle of watching the 2010 Three Kingdoms TV series. You made me view Cao Cao in a completely different light.
又是一個(gè)精彩的視頻！我正在看2010年版的《三國》呢。你讓我對曹操的看法完全改觀了。
Interesting topic but I found the presentation lacking. Found an archeological site of an ancient civilization and immediately you question if there was human sacrifices? Like are there more important things to know. Like did they have written languages. Did they have contact with tribes in the Yellow River region. Not to mention the Shu Kingdom isn’t something new at all. And this was also not the first archeological site of Shu.
話題挺有意思，但這個(gè)講解實(shí)在差勁。發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處古代文明遺址，你第一個(gè)想到的就是有沒有人祭？難道沒有更重要的東西要了解嗎？比如他們有沒有文字？有沒有和黃河流域的部落有接觸？更別提古蜀根本就不是什么新發(fā)現(xiàn)，這也不是第一個(gè)古蜀的考古遺址。
Can't agree more, I just don't get it why she's so convinced on that human sacrifices topic.
太同意了，真搞不懂她（華裔主持人）怎么就對人祭這個(gè)話題這么執(zhí)著。
It’s possible Jinsha kingdom had a different belief system from Shang dynasty. And so unlike Shang dynasty they did not practise human sacrifice. Before the arrival of prophets and monotheistic religious gods kingdoms and cultures of diverse belief systems lived next to each other and had extensive contacts with one another. So it possible that Shang dynasty and Jinsha kingdom were two culture with extensive contacts but highly distinct cultures
金沙王國可能跟商朝的信仰體系不一樣，所以沒有商朝那樣的人牲習(xí)俗。在先知和一神教出現(xiàn)之前，不同信仰體系的王國和文化是可以毗鄰而居，還能有密切往來的。所以商朝和金沙王國雖然來往頻繁，但可能是兩種截然不同的文化。
Fantastic ... China was the world's economic "sleeping giant", now it's archeology's "sleeping giant"
太棒了……中國曾是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的“沉睡巨人”，現(xiàn)在又成了考古學(xué)的“沉睡巨人”。
But technically china doesn't have its own culture.
They borrowed from india.
And the fact india culturally and economically dominated dominated china for many centuries.
By the way india was more economically and culturally dominated as compared to china..
For facts you can check history"" india was called a golden bird due to massive gold and natural resources
但說真的，中國根本沒有自己的文化。他們是從印度借鑒來的。事實(shí)上印度在文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)上統(tǒng)治了中國好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。
順便說一句，和中國相比，印度在經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化上更占優(yōu)勢。要想了解事實(shí)，可以查查歷史，印度因?yàn)閾碛写罅奎S金和自然資源，被稱為金鳥。
lM what are you drinking? "India" didn’t even exist historically, it was a collection of small regional kingdoms that shared certain common cultral traits and the only times there ever unified was when they were conquered and rules by invaders from central asia. "India" as an actual political entity didn’t even exist until the british came and rule over the area of what’s now considered india. That’s some real historical facts for you
笑死我了，你喝多了吧？歷史上根本就沒有“印度”這個(gè)概念，那只是一堆小王國的集合，他們有一些共同的文化特征，唯一統(tǒng)一的時(shí)候，還是被中亞入侵者征服的統(tǒng)治時(shí)期。
“印度”作為一個(gè)政治實(shí)體，直到英國人來統(tǒng)治這片地區(qū)才出現(xiàn)。這才是真正的歷史事實(shí)。
They clearly had a vibrant handicrafts and artisan communities considering all the statues sculpted? Have they decided to name the style of sculpturing the Jinsha style of sculpting?
從這些雕像就能看出，他們肯定有很活躍的手工藝人和匠人群體。他們有沒有把這種雕刻風(fēng)格命名為金沙式雕刻？
lot of the artifacts look like Maya, Inca, Eskimo Inuit and other civiizations all over the world
很多文物看起來都跟瑪雅、印加、愛斯基摩因紐特人和世界各地其他文明的很像
é incrível como eles preservam os sítios arqueológicos, muito legal, que bom se fosse assim no Brasil
他們保護(hù)考古遺址的方式真是令人驚嘆，太棒了，要是巴西也能這樣就好了。
The ancient people where talented intelligent and creative we know so little of our ancient past No mention of aliens
古人既有才華又聰明還很有創(chuàng)造力，我們對古代的歷史知之甚少。好在這次沒人提外星人。
23:13 They worshipped: 1. Sun, 2. Moon, 3. Rivers/Waters,.4.Birds, 5. Animals associated with the Sun and the Moon or Night and Day.
Almost like in ancient Egypt.
Very very similar to Ancient Egypt.
Cool! They also got their beginnings in Africa!
23分13秒，他們崇拜的是：1、日，2、月，3、江河/水域，4、鳥，5、與日月、晝夜有關(guān)的動(dòng)物。
這跟古埃及簡直太像了。
和古埃及非常非常相似。
太酷了！他們的起源也在非洲！
I think it amazing finding a lost world but digging all those graves and leaving it exposed for all to see I find this spiritually hurtful for those who now can not rest in peace ?
我覺得發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)失落的文明很神奇，但是挖掘這些墳?zāi)惯€讓它暴露在大眾視野下，在我看來這對那些現(xiàn)在不能安息的亡靈來說太傷心了。
Sanxingdui in ancient China that produced stunning bronzes, jades, and gold obxts. Also part of the SHU dynasty, is mixed up in here by way of a mask with oval shaped eyes. Ivory? Africa?
中國古代的三星堆出土了令人驚嘆的青銅器、玉器和金器。還和古蜀國有關(guān)，比如其中有個(gè)橢圓形眼睛的面具。象牙？來自非洲？
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As a historian,i would say this site of Jinsha could be considered as a colony like Hongkong thousands years ago. Its technology is much advanced than other of china at that time.
It’s a Quite simple and topical paradigm in history itself .nothing special.
作為一個(gè)歷史學(xué)家，我認(rèn)為金沙遺址可以看作是幾千年前的一個(gè)殖民地，就像香港（特區(qū)）一樣。它的科技水平遠(yuǎn)超當(dāng)時(shí)中國其他地區(qū)。
這在歷史上是個(gè)很簡單也很典型的范例，沒什么特別的。
There's a lot of very interesting archeology surfacing from China these days. It's cool.
最近中國冒出了很多特別有意思的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，太酷了。
Wait, so they suddenly found dozens of elephant tusks while they were conveniently filming this show? Not only that, the dirt isn't compacted, but loosely tossed around them so it can be easily brushed away in front of all the guest in a short amount of time?? Not only that, but since they just discovered this huge discovery in the middle of the viewing area, it means they decided to build this entire building before they even completed the excavation of the site and would have damaged all of the other artifacts they didn't bother looking for??? Not only that, they just jam wooden pegs in dirt trying to force a very thin piece of gold foil out and then physically bending it, not at a table applying gentle pressure with gloves mind you, but in front of other cameras that are there for this big discovery????
等等，他們在拍攝節(jié)目的時(shí)候突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾十根象牙？
不僅如此，周圍的泥土也不是壓實(shí)的，而是松散的，這樣就能在嘉賓面前輕松刷走泥土？
而且，既然他們是在參觀區(qū)才發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，那豈不是說他們在完成遺址發(fā)掘之前就建了這整棟建筑，這樣是不是破壞了其他還沒有發(fā)掘出來的其他文物？
不僅如此，他們還將木棒直接硬戳進(jìn)泥土里，試圖硬弄出一片極薄的金箔，然后直接掰彎它。
居然不是在實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上戴著手套小心輕壓，而是在來參觀這個(gè)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他鏡頭前這么干？？？
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You realize everything was probably staged for the documentary right? You almost certainly aren't watching the original archeological dig.....
你知道這些很可能都是為了紀(jì)錄片而演示的吧？
你看到的肯定不是最初的考古發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場……
Lol did you really expect to see the original dig? Of course it is reenacted for the camera in good lighting, good weather with nice looking clean crew!
笑死，你真以為能看到原始發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場??？
這當(dāng)然是為了拍攝重現(xiàn)的場景，有好的光線、好天氣，還有打扮整潔的工作人員！
As usual, everything not Anglo-Saxon is fake. Continue to spread your thinking to your peers.
老套路了，凡是不是盎格魯-撒克遜的東西都是假的。繼續(xù)向你的同類傳播這種想法吧。
these people might be one of the tribes of ancient Yue people. The Han Chinese or Chinese were not occupied that area
這些人可能是古越族的一支。那時(shí)候漢族或者說中國人還沒占領(lǐng)那片區(qū)域。
The obsession this woman has with trying to figure out if these people sacrificed their own people is outrageous.
這女的（主持人）老是執(zhí)著于搞清楚這些人是不是搞人祭，真是太離譜了。
I couldn't help but get the idea that this was the Chinese version of a BBC documentary. Like those BBC docs, there's a lot of focus on the presenter, not just the archaeological research.
Anyway, I was glad when there were some scenes of her in a red shirt. I was beginning to wonder if she actually wore exactly the same clothes every day LOL
Nevertheless, it made clear there's a real archaeological site of importance. It's always Interesting to me to hear something about the ancient history of China (before the Qin dynasty).
You know that Chinese civilization, old as it is, didn't just pop up out of nowhere. It's always fascinating to learn something about the precursors to what we now call "China".
我總覺得這像是中國版的BBC紀(jì)錄片。和BBC紀(jì)錄片一樣，鏡頭特別關(guān)注主持人，多過關(guān)注考古研究。
不過，看到她穿紅衣服的鏡頭我還挺開心。我都開始懷疑她是不是天天穿同一套衣服了，哈哈。
不管怎樣，這確實(shí)展示了這里是個(gè)真正重要的考古遺址。聽到一些秦朝之前的中國古代歷史總是很有意思。
大家都知道，中華文明雖然古老，但也不是憑空出現(xiàn)的。了解到現(xiàn)在我們所說的“中國”的前身，總是很令人著迷。
Maybe my people the Mizo's from Mizoram ,North East India came from this place
也許我們米佐人（印度東北部米佐拉姆邦）就是從這個(gè)地方來的。
How did they get the tusks? Were elephants native to China at that time? Or, it means that they knew of and traded with Africa? Great doco.
他們是怎么弄到象牙的？當(dāng)時(shí)中國有野生大象嗎？還是說他們已經(jīng)知道非洲并和非洲有貿(mào)易往來？這紀(jì)錄片拍得真好。
Interesting finds. Two commonalities exist in other world mythologies.
1) The sacrifice statue. These sacrifices were all young men with weapons. The shaved heads and the direction they were believed to be kneeling in are symbols we've seen before. People who follow religions that do not "cut their hair" are Sikhs or those following Orthodox Judiasm. The two braids might be the "side braids you see on Orthodox Jews. Cutting the hair on behalf of a prisoner could be a declaration of understanding of this invading army's religion and punishing them for a major offense against the local people's religion. Islamic cultures pray facing Mecca. Mecca is in a South West direction. Perhaps these sacrifices were an invading army of peoples attacking the local tribes and the Shu sat between them in a sort of military encampment protecting the other civilization to the East.
2) The ivory tusks. Some of these burials were found holding ivory tusks right. Well elephants are found towards India and Myanmar. If an invading army brought a bunch of elephants thinking to overpower this community by animal power....and the Shu defeated them army
很有意思的發(fā)現(xiàn)。和世界其他神話有兩個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。
1）祭祀雕像。這些被祭祀的都是帶武器的年輕男子。剃光頭和他們跪拜的方向都是我們見過的符號(hào)。
不剪頭發(fā)的宗教信徒有錫克教徒和正統(tǒng)猶太教徒。兩條辮子可能就是正統(tǒng)猶太人留的兩側(cè)辮子。
給囚犯剃頭可能表明他們理解這支入侵軍隊(duì)的宗教，因?yàn)樗麄儑?yán)重冒犯了當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖诮潭鴳土P他們。伊斯蘭教徒面向麥加祈禱，麥加在西南方向。
也許這些祭品是一支攻擊當(dāng)?shù)夭柯涞娜肭周婈?duì)，蜀國駐扎在他們中間，保護(hù)著東邊的其他文明。
2）象牙。有些墓葬發(fā)現(xiàn)死者手持象牙對吧。大象生活在印度和緬甸一帶。如果入侵軍隊(duì)帶來一群大象想用動(dòng)物力量戰(zhàn)勝……結(jié)果被蜀人打敗了
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China is a large country; I wonder how many more previously unknown ancient cities are waiting to be stumbled across.
中國地域這么大，不知道還有多少未知的古城等著被偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。
I think these are mong or hmong people, the symbol look similar to the hmong today symbol. You can find that on the clothes. Our history, we used to live in that area. Its pass down that we used to live under a very big trees but its got burn down to the only the root. That is all i remember from the story from all the elders.
我覺得這些是蒙古或者苗人，這些符號(hào)和今天苗族的符號(hào)很像。你能在他們的服飾上看到。
根據(jù)我們的歷史，我們以前就住在那個(gè)地區(qū)。傳說我們曾經(jīng)住在一棵大樹下面，但是后來樹被燒了，只剩下樹根。
這就是我從長輩那里聽來的故事能記得的全部了。
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